Họrọ Asụsụ 
N'ime okporo ụzọ bridge engineering, laminated roba bearings a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'etiti nnukwu ụlọ na substructure nke àkwà mmiri. Ha na-ekere òkè dị egwu na na-ebunye ibu kwụ ọtọ, nabata nrụrụ nhazi , na na-enye ikewapụ vibration na damping.
Site n'usoro igwe, ụdị nhazi a dabara nke ukwuu ala ịma jijiji dampers, eriri roba na-agbanwe agbanwe , na mpe mpe akwa nke subgrade , nke a na-ahụkarị engineering roba vibration iche ngwaahịa . Usoro ndị a niile na-adabere na omume nrụrụ na ike nkwụsị ike nke ihe rubber n'okpuru ọnọdụ mkpakọ na shiee loading.
A, na ume n'ígwé nke laminated roba bearings mejupụtara multiple mkpa ígwè efere ma ọ bụ ígwè waya meshes . N'okpuru mmachi nke agba ume ndị a, nke mpụta mpụta nke roba a na-ebelata nke ọma, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye ihe ike mkpakọ na n'ozuzu isi ike nke rọba n'ígwé.
N'otu oge ahụ, na-eme ka ọ dị elu ikike ibu kwụ ọtọ , zuru ezu ike nrụrụ shiee n'okpuru kehoraizin nchụpụ ka nwere ike nweta. Nke a na njirimara bụ dokwara oké egwu na imewe nke mpe mpe akwa nke subgrade na eriri roba na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Nke usoro ule mkpakọ na-agbanwe modulus bụ otu n'ime isi ụzọ maka ịlele nke arụmọrụ n'ibu nke laminated roba bearings . Na mmejuputa ụkpụrụ emelitere, ma ndị usoro mgbako na ule usoro enweela mgbanwe ndị kwekọrọ.
Site na nyocha nnwale, ọmụmụ a na-enyocha usoro nke ọma isi ihe na-emetụta izi ezi ule na ogo mmetụta ha, na-enye ihe siri ike ntọala teknụzụ maka bridge engineering na vibration control engineering.
1. Nleba anya nke ụzọ nnwale Compressive Modulus Modul
1.1 Echiche bụ isi
N'afọ 1981, Lindley PB atụpụtara usoro ihe atụ maka ịgbakọ ihe vetikal isi ike nke roba bearings , dabere n'echiche nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ihe rọba . Tiori a ka etinyere ya n'ọrụ n'ọrụ injinia.
N'okpuru ibu mkpakọ kwụ ọtọ , ihe roba na-egosipụta ọ bụghị naanị nrụrụ mkpakọ ọkpụrụkpụ-direction , kamakwa ụfọdụ ogo nke mpụta bulging deformation . Omume igwe a dịkwa na ya ala ịma jijiji dampers na eriri roba na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime ewu usoro njikwa vibration.
1.2 Usoro mgbako
Maka ihe ejiri roba nwere n rọba n'ígwé , na-eche na ihe eji eme roba bụ ihe na-adịghị agwụ agwụ ma tinye ya n'okpuru ya mkpakọ dị ọcha , nke vetikal isi ike gbakọọ dị ka:
Kv=E1⋅A0n⋅t1K_v = \frac{E_1 \cdot A_0}{n \cdot t_1}Kv=n⋅t1E1⋅A0
Ebee:
E₁ — Ogologo ihe na-agbanwe modul nke roba
A₀ — Mpaghara na-ebu ibu dị irè
t₁ — Ọkpụrụkpụ nke otu akwa rọba
Usoro a nwere uru ntụaka dị mkpa maka laminated roba bearings, mpe mpe akwa nke subgrade , na ngwaahịa rọba kewapụrụ vibration eji na sistemụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.
2. Echiche Nhazi nke Sistemụ Nnwale Nleba Mgbochi Elastic Modul akpaaka
Nke sistemu ule na-agbanwe modul akpaka tumadi mejupụtara:
Igwe nyocha mkpakọ
Ntugharị na ike mmetụta
Nnwale ọkachamara na ngwanrọ nyocha data
N'oge ule, usoro nwere ike na-aga n'ihu na-enweta data nrụrụ kwụ ọtọ na mkpakọ , na-akpaghị aka mepụta nrụgide – nsogbu akụkụ , ma gbakọọ modul na-agbanwe mkpakọ yana ntụgharị uche.
Ngwa nke usoro a:
Na-ebelata ọrụ aka nke ọma
Na-ezere njehie ọgụgụ mmadụ nke ọma
Na-edobe mperi ule n'ime oke anabatara
Ụdị ule a na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị maka laminated roba bearings , ma ka ala ịma jijiji dampers na eriri roba na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ihi na n'ibu arụmọrụ nwale.
3. Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara injinia na atụnyere ụzọ nnwale
3.1 Nkọwa okwu
A ihe mkpuchi roba laminated ahọpụtara dị ka ihe nlere anya nke nwere paramita ndị a:
Dayameta: 140 mm
Eluchara elu: 25 mm
Otu ọkpụrụkpụ oyi akwa rọba: 4 mm
Ọkpụrụkpụ efere ígwè: 2 mm
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke efere efere ígwè: 3 n'ígwé
Mpaghara na-ebu ibu dị irè: 15,366 mm²
Ụdị ihe: 7.0
Mkpokọta ọkpụrụkpụ rọba: 20 mm
Dị ka ọkọlọtọ ọhụrụ, na imewe nso nke mkpakọ na-agbanwe modulus bụ (303 ± 60) MPa.
3.2 Mmetụta nke ụzọ ntinye dị iche iche na nsonaazụ ule
Iji nyochaa mmetụta nke ụzọ ntinye , abụọ loading atụmatụ e mere:
Atụmatụ 1 (nbudata na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ):
Ọnụego mbubute na mbubutu nke ama ama
3 cycles loading
Atụmatụ 2 (Nbugo ọkọlọtọ):
Ịkwanye n'ụkwụ dị ka ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ siri dị
Edobere ọkwa ibu ọ bụla maka 120 sekọnd tupu deformation data enweta
Nsonaazụ ule gosiri na:
Atụmatụ 1 na-egosipụta ngbanwe karịrị 3%, na doro anya mmetụta hysteresis
Atụmatụ 2 na-egosi deviations na-erughị 3%, inye ọzọ kwụsiri ike na a pụrụ ịdabere na ya pụta
Nkwubi okwu a na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ihe bara uru maka ịtụle arụmọrụ ogologo oge nke mpe mpe akwa nke subgrade n'okpuru ibu na-adịgide adịgide.
4. Ntụle ejighị n'aka n'oge ule
4.1 Ihe ndị na-ejighị n'aka na-adabere na ihe onwunwe
Ndị a gụnyere:
Ntụzi ziri ezi nke ngwa ule (igwe mkpakọ, mita displacement, extensometers, wdg)
Iwu nchịkọta data
Ọdịiche dị na nkọwa ọkọlọtọ na ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ
Enwere ike belata ejighị n'aka ndị a nke ọma site na ule ugboro ugboro na usoro ọrụ ahaziri ahazi.
4.2 Ihe na-ejighị n'aka na-ejikọta na ụdị ule
Ndị a gụnyere:
Njehie dị na ebe na-ebu ibu dị irè
Mmeri nha na ngụkọta roba ọkpụrụkpụ na ígwè efere ọkpụrụkpụ
Njehie dị na gụchara ịdị elu nha
Mmetụta nke ambient okpomọkụ na iru mmiri
Ihe ndị dị otú ahụ dịkwa oke egwu na ule nke eriri roba na-agbanwe agbanwe na ala ịma jijiji dampers.
5. Njikwa nke n'ozuzu nha ejighị n'aka
Mgbe ejikọtachara parampat njehie niile, a mkpokọta nha ejighị n'aka emebere. Ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa na-akọwapụta nke ọma njehie kacha ekwe omume maka isi paramita dị ka ibu na mbughari.
Site na ịrapagidesi ike n'ụkpụrụ ndị a na ịchịkwa njehie mkpokọta, nke ntụkwasị obi na izi ezi nke nsonaazụ ule enwere ike imeziwanye ya nke ọma.
Mmechi
Nkịta rọba laminated bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa na owuwu akwa okporo ụzọ , na ha arụ ọrụ mkpakọ na-emetụta ozugbo akwa nchekwa arụmọrụ.
Site na ngwa sayensị nke Ụzọ ule mkpakọ na-agbanwe modulus , jikọtara ya na nlele ejighị n'aka nyocha , Enwere ike ịchịkwa njehie nchịkọta nke ọma, na-eme ka ule dị elu dị elu.
Nchọpụta nke ọmụmụ a abụghị naanị na ọdabara bridge engineering , ma nyekwa uru ntụnyere usoro iwu na nke bara uru maka imewe, nnwale, na ngwa nke ala ịma jijiji dampers, eriri roba na-agbanwe agbanwe , na mpe mpe akwa nke subgrade , yana ndị ọzọ engineering roba vibration iche ngwaahịa.
N’ime okporo ụzọ bridge engineering, laminated roba bearings a na-ejikarị eme ihe n’etiti nnukwu ụlọ na substructure nke àkwà mmiri.
